note: data are in current year dollars$2.813 trillion (2020 est.) The institutions that are responsible for local government within states are typically counties, municipalities, and special-purpose districts, which make laws that affect their particular area. From U.S. ), 0.885 (2014 est. Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") Chair Jerome Powell spoke at a symposium hosted by the Swedish Central Bank on Tuesday. ), $63,700 (2021 est. This time, it was decided that a government system based on federalism would be established. [26] A presidential veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress vote to override the veto;[26] this occurs relatively infrequently.[27]. The power of judicial review was asserted by Chief Justice Marshall in the landmark Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison (1803). [10] The Constitution directs the president to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"[9] and requires the president to swear or affirm to "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. When citizens looked to the federal government to provide economic security during the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration responded by implementing the New Deal. )imports: 4.808 million metric tons (2020 est. Sales at Adobe . Americans do not need centralization at the national level; rather, we need to move to complete decentralization so we can treat children as what they are: unique individuals. )euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est. )permanent pasture: 27.4% (2018 est. A "digital dollar" may seem far-fetched, but modern technology could make it a real possibility. )$19.946 trillion (2020 est. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. )Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est. )1.81% (2019 est.). . )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2020 est. US Coast Guard Cutter Healy, St. John's Bay, Newfoundland 4 June 2000, US Coast Guard Cutter Healy (WAGB-20) approaches the pier at Base Seattle on Saturday 20 November 2021, US Coast Guard Cutter Healy, Arctic Ocean on 25 September 2008, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). ), total subscriptions: 101.526 million (2020 est. )female: 17.5% (2020 est. ), total: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 5.55 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 4.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. A centralized government (also united government) is one in which both executive and legislative power is concentrated centrally at the higher level as opposed to it being more distributed at various lower level governments. Here's how you know. ), 6.6445 (2016 est. Direct elections were mostly held only for the U.S. House of Representatives and state legislatures, although what specific bodies were elected by the electorate varied from state to state. ); an estimated 18.7% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2020, English only 78.2%, Spanish 13.4%, Chinese 1.1%, other 7.3% (2017 est. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. unitary state, a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state. The central theme between the 1770s and the 1870s was that of centralized and strong government based on efficiency. Agency Details Acronym: CENTCOM Website: U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) Contact: Contact the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) Main Address: 7115 South Boundary Blvd. ), fossil fuels: 59.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans in December 2012 to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Central Texas Veterans Health Care System (CTVHCS) is a Complexity Level 1A medical center facility with over 4,000 . "[24][25], Under the Presentment Clause of Article I, a bill that passes both chambers of Congress shall be presented to the president, who may sign the bill into law or veto the bill by returning it to the chamber where it originated. Congress's oversight function takes many forms: The executive branch is established in Article Two of the United States Constitution, which vests executive power in a president of the United States. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. Though inappropriate, the adjective "central" is also sometimes used to describe the government of a federation, such as in India. Education: . By Luc Cohen NEW YORK (Reuters) - A lawyer for Juan Orlando Hernandez, the former Honduran president who is facing U.S. drugs and weapons charges, on Tuesday accused the Central American country's . )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 7,768,500 bbl/day (2018 est. who was the U.S. ambassador to Panama from late 2015 to 2018 when the Central American nation sought the extradition of its former President Ricardo Martinelli . )expenditures: 3.981 trillion (2017 est. Under this original system, both senators representing each state in the U.S. Senate were chosen by a majority vote of the state legislature. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. )1 (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.7% (2021 est. The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. For example, the president has major agenda-setting powers to influence lawmaking and policymaking,[21] and typically has a major role as the leader of their political party. By 1950, revenues had risen to 24 percent of GNP. It did not disturb federal jurisdiction in cases in which a state government is a plaintiff and a citizen of another state the defendant. )consumption: 3,897,886,551,000 kWh (2020 est. Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. The United States Congress, under Article I of the Constitution, is the legislative branch of the federal government. These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Council on Environmental Quality, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. In casual conversation or writing, the term "Federal Government" is often used, and the term "National Government" is sometimes used. The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states, with those in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and some parts of Alaska and Massachusetts having little or no power, existing only as geographic distinctions. Central to that objective, and an essential aspect of changing America . An official website of the United States government. Central air conditioners are rated according to their seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). Then, a trial is held in the Senate to decide whether the official should be removed from office. )from petroleum and other liquids: 2,382,833,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The Bankruptcy Courts are "under" the supervision of the district courts, and, as such, are not considered part of the "Article III" judiciary. )1 (2019 est. The Supreme Court, in turn, can invalidate unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. The interplay of the Supremacy Clause and Article III has resulted in a complex set of relationships between state and federal courts. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court. )percent of population: 91% (2020 est. ), total population: 80.59 yearsmale: 78.36 yearsfemale: 82.79 years (2022 est. ), total subscriptions: 442.457 million (2019)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134.46 (2019), general assessment: the US telecom sector adapted well to the particular demands of the pandemic, which has led to strong growth in the number of mobile, mobile broadband, and fixed broadband subscribers since 2020; the level of growth is expected to taper off from late 2022 as the demand for working and schooling from home subsides; the pandemic also encouraged the Federal government to increase its investment in broadband infrastructure; of particular note was the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of November 2021, which provided $65 billion to a range of programs aimed at delivering broadband to unserved areas, providing fiber-based broadband to upgrade existing service areas, and subsidizing the cost of services to low income households; alongside these fiscal efforts have been the several spectrum auctions undertaken during the last two years, which have greatly assisted the main licensees to improve the reach and quality of their offers based on LTE and 5G; some of this spectrum, auctioned during 2021, was only made available to licensees from February 2022; the widening availability of 5G from the main providers has resulted in a dramatic increase in mobile data traffic; in tandem with the focus on 5G, operators have closed down their GSM and CDMA networks, and have either closed down 3G networks (as AT&T did in January 2022), or plan to in coming months; given the size of the US broadband market, and the growing demand for data on both fixed and mobile networks, there is continuous pressure for operators to invest in fiber networks, and to push connectivity closer to consumers; in recent years the US has seen increased activity from regional players as well as the major telcos and cablecos; although there has been considerable investment in DOCSIS4.0, some of the cablecos are looking to ditch HFC in preference for fiber broadband; the process of migrating from copper (HFC and DSL) to fiber is ongoing, but given the scale of the work involved it will take some years; some operators have investment strategies in place through to 2025, which will see the vast majority of their fixed networks being entirely on fiber; service offerings of up to 2Gb/s are becoming more widely available as the process continues (2022)domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country; fixed-line just over 31 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 134 per 100 (2020)international: country code - 1; landing points for the Quintillion Subsea Cable Network, TERRA SW, AU-Aleutian, KKFL, AKORN, Alaska United -West, & -East & -Southeast, North Star, Lynn Canal Fiber, KetchCar 1, PC-1, SCCN, Tat TGN-Pacific & -Atlantic, Jupiter, Hawaiki, NCP, FASTER, HKA, JUS, AAG, BtoBE, Currie, Southern Cross NEXT, SxS, PLCN, Utility EAC-Pacific, SEA-US, Paniolo Cable Network, HICS, HIFN, ASH, Telstra Endeavor, Honotua, AURORA, ARCOS, AMX-1, Americas -I &-II, Columbus IIb & -III, Maya-1, MAC, GTMO-1, BICS, CFX-1, GlobeNet, Monet, SAm-1, Bahamas 2, PCCS, BRUSA, Dunant, MAREA, SAE x1,TAT 14,Apollo, Gemini Bermuda, Havfrue/AEC-2, Seabras-1,WALL-LI, NYNJ-1, FLAG Atalantic-1, Yellow, Atlantic Crossing-1,AE Connect -1, sea2shore, Challenger Bermuda-1, andGTT Atlanticsubmarine cable systems providing international connectivity to Europe, Africa,the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia,New Zealand, Pacific, &Atlantic, and Indian OceanIslands, Central and South America, Caribbean, Canadaand US; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 900 member stations; satellite radio available; in total, over 15,000 radio stations operating (2018), total: 301,665,983 (2020 est. There are three levels of federal courts with general jurisdiction, meaning that these courts handle criminal cases and civil lawsuits between individuals. ), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est. [41], State governments have the greatest influence over most Americans' daily lives. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 2,048,100 bbl/day (2018 est. Once confirmed, these "cabinet officers" serve at the pleasure of the president. None of the three were removed from office following trial in the Senate.[6]. The employees in these United States government agencies are called federal civil servants. Dr. Dushyant Singh Dahiya is an ECFMG-certified Internal Medicine Resident at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, Michigan. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. )note: includes unemployed, agriculture: 0.7% (2009)industry: 20.3% (2009)services: 37.3% (2009)industry and services: 24.2% (2009)manufacturing: 17.6% (2009)farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% (2009)manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% (2009)managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% (2009)sales and office: 24.2% (2009)other services: 17.6% (2009)note: figures exclude the unemployed, 5.46% (2021 est. )hydroelectricity: 7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Unitary governments concentrate almost all government power into a single national government, whereas confederal system disperse government power to regional or local governments. The approval of both chambers is required to pass all legislation, which then may only become law by being signed by the president (or, if the president vetoes the bill, both houses of Congress then re-pass the bill, but by a two-thirds majority of each chamber, in which case the bill becomes law without the president's signature). With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%. )male: 28.4% (2020 est. These laws concern issues such as traffic, the sale of alcohol and the keeping of animals. The powers, roles, and limitations of the three branches are highlighted in the US constitution. Orlando, Florida - U.S. District Judge Wendy W. Berger has sentenced Kevin Deane Jones (50, Kissimmee) to 10 years in federal prison for unlawfully possessing ricin, a biological toxin, and for possessing two firearms as a convicted felon. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term. . Unanimous consent was needed for amendment, which made reforms almost impossible. )proven reserves: 13,178,780,000,000 cubic meters (2020 est. TEL AVIV, Israel Tens of thousands of Israelis gathered in central Tel Aviv on Saturday night to protest plans by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new government to overhaul the legal . )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )services: 80% (2017 est. The three tiered structure of this act established the basic structure of the national judiciary: the Supreme Court, 13 courts of appeals, 94 district courts, and two courts of special jurisdiction. The only branch of the central government was a single-chamber Congress, where each state had one vote. central government and local governance institutions. ), 97.44 (2013 est. Exercise Obangame Express 2023 (OE23), the largest multinational maritime exercise in Western and Central Africa, will kick off its 12th year with 29 participating nations at an opening ceremony in Lagos, Nigeria, Jan. 23, 2023., . The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II gave rise to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which was officially established in 1947. ), 19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. In the case of COVID-19, some countries have centralized decision-making about when to impose and lift lockdown measures, whereas others have left these choices to state governments, or even municipalities. )note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP, -$846.354 billion (2021 est. The budget document often begins with the president's proposal to Congress recommending funding levels for the next fiscal year, beginning October 1 and ending on September 30 of the year following. As originally drafted, there was no limit to the time a President could serve, however the Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, originally limits any president to serving two four-year terms (8 years); the amendment specifically "caps the service of a president at 10 years" by providing that "if a person succeeds to the office of president without election and serves less than two years, he may run for two full terms; otherwise, a person succeeding to office of president can serve no more than a single elected term. A United States central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be a digital form of the U.S.. Toggle navigation. Most countries fall somewhere in between the two extremesstates can be more or less . (The District of Columbia has a number of electoral votes "equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State"). )exports: 14,134,679,000 kWh (2020 est. Puerto Rico pays taxes. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D.C., "Washington" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. the government's central . An official website of the United States government. )exports: 188,401,779,000 cubic meters (2021 est. Tribal governments vary in robustness, from a simple council used to manage all aspects of tribal affairs, to large and complex bureaucracies with several branches of government. Naval Forces Central Command Public Affairs. ), air pollution; large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; declining natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; deforestation; mining; desertification; species conservation; invasive species (the Hawaiian Islands are particularly vulnerable), party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, particulate matter emissions: 7.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )3.6% of GDP (2021)3.7% of GDP (2020)3.4% of GDP (2019) (approximately $730 billion)3.3% of GDP (2018) (approximately $685 billion), approximately 1.39 million active duty personnel (475,000 Army; 345,000 Navy; 335,000 Air Force (includes about 8,000 Space Force); 180,000 Marine Corps; 40,000 Coast Guard); 335,000 Army National Guard; 105,000 Air National Guard (2022), the US military's inventory is comprised almost entirely of domestically-produced weapons systems (some assembled with foreign components) along with a smaller mix of imported equipment from a variety of Western countries; since 2010, Germany and the UK have been the leading suppliers of military hardware; the US defense industry is capable of designing, developing, maintaining, and producing the full spectrum of weapons systems; the US is the world's leading arms exporter (2021), 18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for voluntary service for men and women; no conscription (currently inactive, but males aged 18-25 must register with Selective Service in case conscription is reinstated in the future); maximum enlistment age 34 (Army), 39 (Air Force), 39 (Navy), 28 (Marines), 31 (Coast Guard); 8-year service obligation, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active duty (Navy), 4 years active duty (Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard); all military occupations and positions open to women (2022)note: in 2020, women comprised 17.2 % of the total US military (16.9% of enlisted; 18.9% officers; highest was Air Force with women comprising 21.1% of its total personnel); a small number of American women were involved in combat during the Revolutionary (1775-1783), Mexican (1846-1848), and Civil (1861-1865) Wars, but they had to disguise themselves as men and enlist under aliases; the first official US military organization for women was the US Army Nurse Corps, established in 1901; during World War I, the US Navy and Marine Corps allowed women to enlist; nearly 350,000 women served in the US military during World War II; the 1991 Gulf War was the first war where women served with men in integrated units within a war zone; in 2015, women were allowed to serve in direct combat rolesnote 2: non-citizens living permanently and legally in the US may join as enlisted personnel; must have permission to work in the US, a high school diploma, and speak, read, and write English fluently; minimum age of 17 with parental consent or 18 without; maximum age 29-39, depending on the service; under the US Nationality Act, honorable service in the military may qualify individuals to obtain expedited citizenship; under the Compact of Free Association, citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands may volunteer; under the Jay Treaty, signed in 1794 between Great Britain and the US, and corresponding legislation, Native Americans/First Nations born in Canada are entitled to freely enter the US and join the US military, 5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti, with approximately 700-1,000 in other countries of East Africa and about 700 in West Africa); 1,700 Australia; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 650 Cuba (Guatanamo Bay); 290 Egypt (MFO); approximately 100,000 Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, UK); 150 Greenland; 6,200 Guam; 370 Honduras; 56,000 Japan; approximately 15,000 Middle East (Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates); 125 Philippines; 28,000 South Korea; 200 Singapore; 100 Thailand (2022)note: US military rotational policies affect deployment numbers; the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US continuously rotates combat brigades (approximately 3,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; in 2019-2020, the US deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an extended period of time and in 2022, it sent more than 30,000 reinforcements to Europe in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6,000 personnel, the US is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949the US military has 11 regional- or functionally-based joint service "combatant" commands: Africa Command; Central Command, Cyber Command, European Command, Indo-Pacific Command, Northern Command, Southern Command, Space Command, Special Operations Command, Strategic Command, and Transportation CommandCongress officially created the US military in September 1789; the US Army was established in June 1775 as the Continental Army; after the declaration of independence in July 1776, the Continental Army and the militia in the service of Congress became known collectively as the Army of the United States; when Congress ordered the Continental Army to disband in 1784, it retained a small number of personnel that would form the nucleus of the 1st American Regiment for national service formed later that year; both the US Navy and the US Marines were also established in 1775, but the Navy fell into disuse after the Revolutionary War, and was reestablished by Congress in 1794; the first US military unit devoted exclusively to aviation began operations in 1913 as part of the US Army; the Army Air Corps (AAC) was the US military service dedicated to aerial warfare between 1926 and 1941; the AAC became the US Army Air Forces in 1941 and remained as a combat arm of the Army until the establishment of the US Air Force in 1947, Hizballah; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida; Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, US-Antarctica: the US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states, US-Bahamas: the Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; the two countries have met several times to define their maritime boundary, US-Canada: Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; because of the dispute over Machias Seal Island and adjoining North Rock, the terminus of the land boundary beyond Canada's Grand Manon Island and the US state of Maine is not defined, US-Canada-Mexico: the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders, US-Cuba: the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease, US-Haiti: Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; the dispute dates to 1857, when the US claimed the Navassa Island under the 1856 Guano Act; Haiti claims it has had ownership over Navassa Island continuously since its 1801 constitution laid claim to adjacent lands, US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory; control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands exclusive economic zone; the US State Department is assembling a group of experts from both countries to discuss the maritime boundary, US-Russia: 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification, US-Tokelau: Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa, refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 25,465 refugees during FY2022, including: 7,810 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 4,556 (Syria), 2,156 (Burma), 1,669 (Sudan), 1,618 (Afghanistan), 1,610 (Ukraine)stateless persons: 47 (mid-year 2021), world's largest consumer of cocaine (mostly from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of MDMA (ecstasy) and Mexican methamphetamine; major consumer of fentanyl and other synthetic opioids sourced from Mexico and China, often mixed with other drugs; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center.
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