'eventAction': arguments[3], return true; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; Energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures are becoming increasingly interconnected, thus posing new challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. Currently, Nick is the president of Electric Power & Energy Consulting (EPEC)and an adjunct professor withUC San Diego. 1320, Spring 2010. Upgrading the control and communication systems for the power grid will present many new security challenges that must be dealt with before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. Increased use of electronic automation raises significant issues regarding the adequacy of operational security, if security provisions are not built in. __gtagTracker('set', { } Virtually every crucial economic and social function depends on the secure and reliable operation of these infrastructures. Membership in the IEEE has many benefits, join today. 'eventAction': 'page_view', Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, several steps have been taken and initiatives accomplished to enhance the security and reliability of the nations current electricity infrastructure. Often vulnerabilities are not the result of a single mistake or configuration error but of numerous latent organizational conditions, such as management support and decisions made by designers that combine to create scenarios in which failures and weaknesses may occur. } As power systems rely more heavily on computerized communications and control, system security has become increasingly dependent on protecting the integrity of the associated information systems. Despite the increase in the utilization of AMI, there has been very little assessment or R&D effort to identify the security needs for such systems. The mission of the IEEE Power & Energy Society is to be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for its members. The safety aspects of the use of such devices were discussed at a meeting at the IAEA at the end of February. It can jump-start stagnated economies, and can fundamentally change the way power is delivered to consumers of electricity worldwide. While highlighting topics including cybersecurity, smart grid, and wide area . } __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; /* Opt-out function */ IEEE, vol. } You can also use the thermostat's app to control the temperature. A Standard/Safe Operating Procedure (SOP) allows workers to perform their job in a consistently safe manner. For over 30 years more electrical power professionals have used this guide for safe, economical system operation than any other in print. 'timingValue': 'value', args.unshift('send'); } var arg, hit = {}; Information Technology console.log(""); The ability of the system to operate within system constraints ( i.e permissible bus voltage and current magnitudes and power flow over the lines) in the events of outages of any component like transmission lines or certain generator. Our complete line of power solutions give you the reassurance of knowing that no matter what issues come your way, your equipment will be safe. Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers. But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . Our Smart Cord is a versatile device that not only meets the demands of your growing business layouts, but provides reliable power protection you can count on . Energy & Power Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. During the 20 years since the OTA report, the situation has become even more complex. Smart grid solutions helps to monitor, measure and control power flows in real time that can contribute to identification of losses and thereby appropriate technical and managerial actions . In many ways, it will take the form of a merger of power generation, distribution, switching, and metering technology with communications and information technology, along with other applications of electrical energy. Colombia, for example, has faced up to 200 terrorist attacks per year on its transmission infrastructure over the last 11 years, as reported in a recent IEEE Power & Energy Magazine article by Corredor and Ruiz. This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. To cause physical damage equivalent to that from a small to moderate-size tornado would be extremely difficult, even for a large, well-organized group of terrorists. Additionally, to create a smarter end-to-end power delivery system, we must invest between US$17 and US$24 billion over the next 20 years. } img.emoji { } background: none !important; 1799 N. Clinton Avenue, } NY, . height: 1em !important; 3, pp. var newtracker = function () { This is extremely important, since the consequences of an attack are directly proportional to the length of time the service is disrupted. If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. f.hitCallback(); __gtagDataLayer(type, name, parameters); S. Massoud Amin is with the University of Minnesota. To achieve this goal, a new megainfrastructure is emerging from the convergence of energy, telecommunications, transportation, the Internet, and electronic commerce. These include: In addition, AMI systems will need to be defended against more traditional cyberthreats such as mobile and malicious code, DoS attacks, misuse and malicious insider threats, accidental faults introduced by human error, and the problems associated with software and hardware aging. He is an iNARTE Certified Product Safety Engineer. 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John Woltman, president of Smart Power Systems, says the company's generators "will uniquely provide trucks J1939-compatible communication plus advanced diagnostic capabilities." return; He is a member of the Alcatel-Lucent Technical Academy. Anthony M. Giacomoni is with the University of Minnesota. A legacy of proven protection and demonstrated innovation. It also points out known safety issues with localized electric power generation systems that will be more enabled by smart grid technology. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. By
It uses the three-block model for pain and injury from the energy source to the person, with the middle block covering the safeguarding necessary to prevent or limit the harmful energy to a person. For outdoor applications, suitably housing the batteries in an outdoor enclosure that, if equipped with lead-acid batteries, is well ventilated in accordance with IEC 60950-22 to prevent the accumulation of explosive gases. Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. Creating Custom Bells; Guardian Bells. __gaTracker.getAll = function () { }; AMI enables consumer-friendly efficiency concepts like Prices to Devices. With this, assuming that energy is priced on what it costs in near real-time, price signals are relayed to smart home controllers or end-consumer devices like thermostats, washer/dryers, or refrigerators, typically the major consumers of electricity in the home. Grid congestion and atypical power flows have been increasing during the last 25 years, while customer expectations of reliability and cyber and physical security are rising to meet the needs of a pervasively digital world. 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; DDoS attacks utilize networks of infected computerswhose owners often do not even know that they have been infectedto overwhelm target networks with millions of fake requests for information over the Internet. Current practice is to apply an upgrade or patch only after SCADA vendors thoroughly test and validate it, and this sometimes causes deployment to be delayed by several months. Communications window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; Smart GridSafe, Secure, Self-Healing | IEEE Power & Energy Magazine document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; A smart power system gives its users intelligible monitoring and maintenance of the power being driven to your security system. Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg Aerospace Become a member today and get the IEEE Magazine delivered to you as well as access to the online version. function gaOptout() { The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include: Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances. This information allows consumers to be charged variable rates for energy, based upon supply and demand. } The threat of a Trojan horse embedded in the control center software can only be addressed by means of careful security measures within the commercial firms that develop and supply this software along with careful security screening of the utility and outside service personnel who perform software maintenance within the centers. Several such incidents in the United States have been publicly reported during the last 30 years, including saboteurs operating in the Pacific Northwest and those using power lines and transformers for target practice on the East Coast. Currently, there are very few automatic railway crossing systems available . However, if islanding prevention fails, energized lines within the island present a shock hazard to unsuspecting utility line workers who think the lines are dead.[6]. padding: 0 !important; [4] This would be until IEC 62368-1 becomes adopted by national standards committees. GNERO The number of documented cyberattacks and intrusions worldwide has been rising very rapidly in recent years. With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. In the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 and recent natural disasters and major power outages, there have been increased national and international concerns expressed about the security, resilience, and robustness of critical infrastructures in response to an evolving spectrum of threats. return null; __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); Smart Grids can be achieved by implementing efficient transmission & distribution systems, system operations, consumer integration and renewable integration. Local power generation systems, such as photovoltaic systems, generators, fuel-cell systems, and the like, for which the smart grid will permit the sale of power back to the utility, involve the following safety concerns: The frequency of the locally-generated power has to be synchronized with that of the main grid. The driving scientific motivation is to further our understanding of adaptive self-healing and self-organizing mechanisms that can be applied to the development of secure, resilient, and robust overlaid and integrated energy, power, sensing, communication, and control networks. A MODULAR APPROACH TO SMART-GRID SAFETY McQueen and Boyer describe several potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used for control systems. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. } However, the unexpected spread of COVID-19 has provided a new perspective in power system operation planning studies, which have highlighted the emerging roles of public health and political measures in profiling the electricity consumption. It is said that Alexander Graham Bell would not recognize the components of modern telephony fiber optics, cell phones, texting, cell towers, PDAs, the internet, etc. Cybersecurity and interoperability are two of the key challenges of the smart grid transformation. })(); , lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. function __gtagTracker() { Residual C urrent E lectrical F ire M onitoring D etector. if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { modeling, robust control, dynamic interaction in interdependent layered networks, disturbance propagation in networks, and forecasting and handling uncertainty and risk. Energy storage systems are utilized for managing the peak power demand of the consumer load prole by discharging power during peak hours. Participants will examine the practical aspects of the technologies, design and implementation, smart grid applications and sensing; demand side management, smart grid economics, microgrids and distributed energy resources, and fault location and service restoration (FLSIR). if (len === 0) { Development of greener technologies and alternative fuels has become a global economic priority, so smart grid technology has the potential to be one of the next great technological waves. Accounting for all critical assets includes thousands of transformers, line reactors, series capacitors, and transmission lines. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } window.addEventListener("load", function(){ Choose Heat or Cool from the mode options. Metallic connections to a telecommunication network would need to be evaluated in accordance with IEC 62368-1 or IEC 60950-1. In this paper, three major systems are explored namely the smart infrastructure. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. Figure 2. The larger the amount of data is, the lower the density of valuable information will be. Smart Substations: substations are included monitoring and control non-critical and critical operational data such as power status, power factor performance, breaker, security, transformer status, etc. Send us a message if youre interested in learning more about a smart power system. The system can't perform the operation now. Figure 3. Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. While some of the operations on the system are automatic, human operators in system control centers ultimately make the decisions and take the actions that control the operations of the system. OTHER SAFETY CONCERNS LOCAL POWER GENERATION box-shadow: none !important; Our smart power system provider of choice, LifeSafety Power, lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. 'page': 'page_path', Within less than a year after the August 2007 collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a city of sorts on the south side of the former bridge took shape, complete with a host of heavy-duty equipment pieces, temporary on-site areas for casting and other tasks, and crews constantly at work. The environmental benefits that smart grid technology can deliver are collectively demanded by most of Earths inhabitants at this time, and the decrease in dependence on fossil fuels and other nonrenewable power sources is also sought through this new technology. Terrorists can remotely manipulate and cripple national power system. A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); hitObject = arguments[2]; window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; While all electrical systems share the same basic . } else { Safe operation of a batch reactor requires close monitoring and control of reactant and additive flows to the reactor, of the operating temperature and of the agitation. Defense mechanisms using deception can greatly increase the difficulty of planning and conducting successful attacks on a system by portraying control system response characteristics as random to attackers. Due to the gravity of these threats, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) policy statement on the smart grid states that cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the smart grid and that the development of cybersecurity standards is a key priority. This paper describes the security risks, security objectives and security research trends in smart grid. Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); a fault, electrical power is supplied from the installed DGs, and an optimized reconguration is demonstrated in some congurations. Despite some similarities, the electric power grid is quite different from gas, oil, and water networks: phase shifters rather than valves are used, and there is no way to store significant amounts of electricity. The Smart Grid: An Introduction, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Litos Strategic Communications under contract No. The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative research on the theoretical and practical developments in smart power system. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; Likewise, other product applicable safety modules, such as requirements for outdoor equipment, can serve as supplements or overlays to the base meter standard in this case. __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. Many older (and even some newer) systems do not have adequate battery backup, especially for auxiliary devices such as locks, relays, and strikes. :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} This would mean that either IEC 60950-1 or IEC 62368-1 are used to evaluate the communications and information technology subsystems, and communication links would be classified TNV, limited-power circuits, or the like if metallic, and other non-metallic communication technologies such as optical or wireless would be evaluated accordingly. Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. hitObject = { return hit; The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. The truth is that, as a nation, we must and absolutely can meet the power needs of a pervasively digital society if the United States wishes to maintain its role as a global economic and political leader. A popular comparison that points out the magnitude of change in the telecommunication industry as opposed to that of the power industry is to hypothetically transport Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison to the 21st century, and allow them to observe the modern forms of the telecommunications and power industries that they helped create. } Electric terrorism: grid component targets, 19942004 (source: Journal of Energy Security). If the power ever failed for more than a few hours the SPS could . Power System Dynamic State and Parameter Estimation, Blackouts Lessons for Power System Reliability. This article is a survey of smart grid literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the smart grid. In remote locations, stand-alone systems can be more cost-effective than extending a power line to the electricity grid (the cost of which can range from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile). 'eventValue': 'event_value', Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . The smart grid promises to bring on a new age of distributing electricity in more efficient and greener ways, while enabling the developing of new ways to efficiently utilize and control power. /* Function to detect opted out users */ (v) Value - refers to our ability to extract valuable information from the huge amount of data and derive a clear understanding of the value it brings. Islanding is a condition in which a portion of an electric power grid, containing both load and generation, is isolated from the remainder of the electric power grid. var len = arguments.length; NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 101: Life Safety Code NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, Article 517: Health Care Facilities, Article 700: Emergency Systems, Article 701: Legally Required Standby Systems, Article 702: Optional Standby Systems, and Article 708: Critical Operations Power Systems The size and complexity of the North American electric power grid makes it impossible both financially and logistically to physically protect the entire infrastructure. lightweight hockey balls. Specifically, with rapid advances in digital technologies, smart digital devices such as smart sensor transmitters, electrical protective devices and variable speed drives, are increasingly used at many nuclear power plants. Then three HRA methods suitable for the above three scenarios are proposed respectively. Normally, the customer-owned generation is required to sense the absence of utility-controlled generation and cease energizing the grid. Sign up to hear about
166 Smart Grid Safety and Security: Educational and Research Activities Disturbances in smart grid operation can originate from natural disasters, failures, human factors, terrorism, and so on. Course Typically Offered: Online in Summer and Winter quarters. Nicholas (Nick) Abi-Samrahas over 35 years of experience in the power and energy field across the whole power systems value chain power generation, transmission, distribution, retail and end-use. Three of the dissimulation techniques described are: Likewise, three of the simulation techniques described are: Deception will need to play a key role in smart grid defense mechanisms. This variable rate will incentivize consumers to shift their heavy use of electricity to times of the day when demand is low. With Smart Power Systems, you'll be able to maximize your space and your system operations in the most efficient and effective manner through a unique computer grade-filtering option. A smart grid combines the existing electrical infrastructure with digital technologies and advanced applications to provide a much more efficient, reliable and cost effective way to distribute energy. Providing the desired flow on one line often results in loop flows on several other lines. Moreover, the number of threats against computer systems is rapidly increasing due to the increased availability of highly sophisticated hacker tools on the Internet and the decrease in technical knowledge required to use them to cause damage. An AC-power outlet receptacle to plug in the vehicle for charging; Electric power metering to measure electricity use; Switchgear to switch charging circuits on or off, once enabled by information technology, and provide overcurrent protection or active shutdown in the event of a short-circuit fault in the vehicles or the charging circuits circuitry; Information technology equipment to process the sale, timing, and user interface to purchase electrical charge, and to enable/disable the charging switchgear; Telecommunications to communicate the sale and power use back to the electrical power retailer. Automotive It is viewed as the necessary next step in order to modernize the power distribution grids, but there is no single view on what shape or format the smart grid will take. var disableStrs = [ var p = Tracker.prototype; Consumer Electronics 'timingLabel': 'event_label', }); if (em_track_user) { Furthermore, IEC 62368-1, the new international hazard-based safety engineering standard for audio/video, information and communication technology is well-suited for use in this modular-safety approach. One possible means of increasing the physical security of power lines is to bury them. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; $(document).ready(function() { 'value': arguments[5] ? function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { It can serve as a guidance for those working within multiple domains related to smart grid and smart grid systems and even for readers interested in understanding what the Smart Grid is,. } 'eventAction': 'event_action', return []; Bangladesh's railway system mostly uses typical manual railway crossing techniques or boom gates through its 2955.53 km rail route all over the country. } return; Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. Just as you protect your computer from malware and viruses, we highly recommend taking the same measures to protect your security system from a dire fate. In many cases, even in situations where there is a battery backup, these devices are not properly supervised or maintained of which can result in doors that are unable to be locked or unlocked in the event of a power outage. The equipment would be located outdoors and be installed in a weatherproof housing. For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. Also, as the amount of off-theshelf, commercially-available ITE sub-components increases in the charging station, it becomes more infeasible to simply increase the spacings or the quality of insulation. P. H. Corredor and M. E. Ruiz, Against all odds, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. Safety of smart Grid Data Security: . IEC 62368-1, Edition 1.0, 2010-01, Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. One of the biggest frontiers in electrical engineering in this early part of the 21st century is the development and implementation of smart grid technology. We should expect this standard to be used extensively for smart-grid equipment. The usage of SPFC is required at each level of distribution, transmission and generation systems in a clustered form. __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { Besides, an. }); helpers: {}, Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. It exponentially increases the cost and difficulty of compromising a system by creating a much stronger defense than the use of any individual component alone, thus reducing the likelihood of an attack. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. Online Asynchronous.This course is entirely web-based and to be completed asynchronously between the published course start and end dates. [2] Mr. Edison would not be familiar with nuclear power plants or photovoltaic cells, as these technologies were developed after his death in 1931. return null; In order to protect electric infrastructure from the threats outlined above, several layers of security are needed to minimize disruptions to system operations. Percentage of critical infrastructure enterprise executives reporting large-scale DDoS attacks and their frequency (source: McAfee). __gaTracker.loaded = true; The internet took thirteenth place on this list, highways were ranked eleventh, but sitting at the top of the list as the most important engineering achievement of the 20th century was the development of the present electric power grid. var pes_sso_base_url = "https:\/\/securesso.ieee.org\/ieeevendorsso\/"; From a strategic viewpoint, long-term developments and research issues relating to the defense of cyber and physical interdependent infrastructure networks must also be considered. The digitization of such systems may enable remote attacks to grow rapidly, potentially spanning countries or even continents. try { Either software patching or the ability to rapidly identify and isolate the exploited systems must be enabled in order to minimize downtime. A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. In addition, adversaries often have the potential to initiate attacks from nearly any location in the world. var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-3983727-10","v4_id":""};/* ]]> */ action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? var noopfn = function () { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { The smart grid unlocks greener models. __gaTracker.apply(null, args); As a trusted and reliable manufacturer of power products, we make it our goal to bring you quality devices that you can count on. NIST, Guidelines for smart grid cyber security, The Smart Grid Interoperability PanelCyber Security Working Group, NISTIR 7628, Gaithersburg, MD, Aug. 2010. The machine will turn on. Since existing control system architectures are not random and therefore response characteristics are reproducible, the strength of potential adversaries is amplified. The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) In the electric power industry and other critical infrastructures, new ways are being sought to improve network efficiency by eliminating congestion problems without seriously diminishing reliability and security. This course provides an understanding of industrial high and low voltage power systems including safe operation on a wide range of power equipment. Figure 4. window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) According to the investigation, power system operation scenarios are classified into 3 categories: time-centered scenarios, process-centered scenarios and emergency-centered scenarios. The proposed system enhances electrical safety by fast disconnection of the power supply in case of fault events like leakage current, electrical arc, overcurrent or overvoltage and has been designed with the goal to be integrated in smart environments . Advanced metering infrastructure (of which smart meters are a generic name for any utility side device even if it is more capable e.g. Military & Defense. Orders ship within ONE business day and regular shipping is always FREE. } Credit:3.00 unit(s)Related Certificate Programs:Power Systems Engineering. The report concluded: Terrorists could emulate acts of sabotage in several other countries and destroy critical [power system] components, incapacitating large segments of a transmission network for months. 2001 - Smartpower introduced the Top Mount series, specifically designed to be mounted on the top of a vehicle. } Then, it suggests a modular approach of evaluating the safety of smart-grid technology based on the safety requirements of the individual merged technologies. Design Features. }; 'eventCategory': arguments[2], A model representation of a population of the water heater devices for the demand side frequency response is considered. While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. [2]. } [3]. Fully integrated battery. upcoming events and courses, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) & Building Information Modeling (BIM), Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), Global Environmental Leadership and Sustainability, System Administration, Networking and Security, Burke Lectureship on Religion and Society, California Workforce and Degree Completion Needs, UC Professional Development Institute (UCPDI), Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA), Introduction to Cybersecurity in the Smart Energy Environment, Introduction to Distributed Energy Resources in the Electric Grid, Electronics and Telecommunications Review: Math, Circuits and Signals, Microgrid Design, Economic Optimization and Simulation, Overview of traditional of distribution systems, Challenges of integrating of distributed energy resources into the distribution systems, Advanced protection systems, feeder automation and reconfiguration, Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLSIR), Grasp the structure of the evolving distribution systems, Learn the nature of distribution loads and their characterization, Master the depth of distribution reliability and relevance of reliability indices, Assimilate the impact of distribution feeder voltage regulation, Understand the value of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) in todays dx system, Comprehend the impacts of selected distribution automation applications, Identify the challenges with Distributed Energy Resources on dx systems, Learn the salient points of smart meters, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and applications, Distribution Management Systems (DMS), and Outage Management System (OMS). if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { Most smart thermostats have touchscreens, which makes setting the comfiest of temperatures super easy: Tap on the screen to wake it up from sleep mode. The implementation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is widely seen as one of the first steps in the digitization of the electric grids control systems. History of Evolution Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. More specifically, the operation of a modern power system depends on complex systems of sensors and automated and manual controls, all of which are tied together through communication systems. digital control of the energy infrastructure, integrated energy, information, and communications for the end user, transformation of the meter into a secure, two-way energy and information portal. A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including: . })(); sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. __gtagTrackerOptout(); Due to the increasingly sophisticated nature and speed of malicious code, intrusions, and DoS attacks, human responses may be inadequate.Figure 4 shows the evolution of cyberthreats over the last two decades and the types of responses that can be used to combat them effectively. 14621. , and other security systems often overlook a piece of their system that can shut down the entire system if it isnt properly maintained: battery backup. Data stored at the meter and transmitted over communication networks must also meet standard cybersecurity requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and nonrepudiation. Furthermore, since it will be impossible to protect against all threats, smart meters must be able to detect even the most subtle unauthorized changes and precursors to tampering or intrusion. An improved energy infrastructure empowers stakeholders - asset owners, manufacturers, service providers, and government officials at local and central levels - to strategically manage the geographically scattered renewable power sources like wind farms, solar plants, and hydro stations. }; } To celebrate the beginning of the 21st century, the National Academy of Engineering set out to identify the single most important engineering achievement of the 20th century. Smart Grid technologies offer a new solution to the problem of monitoring and controlling the grid's transmission System. 1, pp. Another way to protect your security system from outages is to upgrade or move to a smart power system, especially for any new construction. Abi-Samra has acquired a diverse background in power systems holding high-level positions at various companies including: Senior Vice President - DNV GL (Kema) Vice President - Quanta Technology Senior Manager - Smart Grid Services Senior Technical Executive - Accenture Senior Technical Director - EPRI Manager/Fellow - Westinghouse Electric Corporation Adjunct Professor - Carnegie-Mellon University Abi-Samra's industry honors include: Read More. IEEE Power & Energy Society. hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. Layered security (or defense in depth) involves strategically combining multiple security technologies at each layer of a computing system in order to reduce the risk of unauthorized access due to the failure of any single security technology. Information technology equipment, on the other hand, is generally utilized in Overvoltage Category II environments, or connected to outlets on branch circuits a safe distance away from the service equipment. 3, pp. The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. The devices, in turn, process the information based on consumers learned wishes and power accordingly. A complex set of interconnected webs (source: EPRI, 2002present). The century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on earth. Locally-generated electrical energy, such as that from photovoltaic systems, needs to be stored during accumulation cycles for use during peak demand cycles. if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { The end vision of the smart grid consists of a highly developed electrical platform that engages consumers, enhances efficiency, ensures reliability, and enables integration of renewable energy and electric transportation. var gaMap = { Try again later. Analogously, customized and cost-effective advancements are both possible and essential to enable smarter and more secure electric power infrastructures. As these infrastructures have grown more complex in order to handle increasing demands, they have become increasingly interdependent. Participants will examine the practical aspects of the technologies, design and implementation, smart grid applications and sensing; demand side management, smart grid economics, microgrids and distributed energy resources, and fault location and service restoration (FLSIR). Indeed, they have provided much of the high standard of living that the more developed countries enjoy. We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. 861875, May 2005. Because Power System Operation, by Robert Miller and James Malinowski, presents more of the fundamental principles and methods dispatchers and operators need in a clear, easy-to-understand style. This is not new: both the importance and the difficulty of protecting power systems have long been recognized. Since smart grids will involve the merger of new and familiar technologies, it would make sense to take a modular approach to safety. These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. Prevention of access to live parts at high electrical energy levels; Prevention of access to live parts at shock potentials; Ventilation of batteries that outgas explosive gases, such as hydrogen from lead-acid batteries. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. While the direct physical destruction of generators, substations, or power lines may be the most obvious strategy for causing blackouts, activities that compromise the operation of sensors, communications, and control systems by spoofing, jamming, or sending improper commands could also disrupt the system, cause blackouts, and in some cases result in physical damage to key system components. Move the DC breaker on the side of the machine up to the "ON" position. (!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { In this dual operating system, the existing hierarchy, people, and management largely remain. It is made available to members of the Society at no additional cost, and to non-members by subscription. Possible threats to the electrical grid introduced by the use of AMI include: As more utilities move toward using Internet Protocol (IP)based systems for wide area communications and as the trend of using standardized protocols continues throughout the industry, maintaining the security of such devices will be critical. They can also alert operators to possible threats before any systems are harmed. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. Power industry experts look to the smart grid in much the same manner as computer and telecommunications experts looked at the advent of the internet, or information superhighway less than a generation ago.
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