On the basis of the Teotihuacan iconographical depictions of the feathered serpent, archaeologist Karl Taube has argued that the feathered serpent was a symbol of fertility and of internal political structures - contrasting with the War Serpent symbolizing the outwards military expansion of the Teotihuacan empire. When those opposed to Quetzalcoatl did not succeed in their designs to rid themselves of his presence, they summoned Tezcatlipoca. Codex Magliabechiano, fol.61r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 6: Designs for Quechtin, or blankets. Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. Auh yn jquac molhuja eheca, mjtoa: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia. Only flowers and fruit were laid on his altars as sacrifice. He called his attendants and asked that his sister Quetzalpetlatl come to him. Those bones he anointed with his own blood, giving birth to the men who inhabit the present universe. [44], Quetzalcoatl was fictionalized in the 1982 film Q as a monster that terrorizes New York City. Some legends describe him as opposed to human sacrifice[26] while others describe him practicing it.[27][28]. His sea voyage to the east should probably be connected with the invasion of Yucatn by the Itz, a tribe that showed strong Toltec features. Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatls double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. related to the belief in a sky-, Venus-, creator-, war- and fertility-related serpent deity. As a result, the heavens themselves fell, and the sun and stars were alike quenched. The two then realized that their struggle had to end, so they united their efforts and raised again the sky, resting it on two mighty trees, the Tree of the Mirror (tezcaquahuitl) and the Beautiful Great Rose Tree (quetzalveixochitl) on which the concave heavens have ever since securely rested. The earth still had no sun to light it, and the four brothers met again. [12], The earliest known documentation of the worship of a Feathered Serpent occurs in Teotihuacan in the first century BC or first century AD. Tezcatlicopa transformed himself into a tiger and emerged from the waves, attacking and devouring the giants; then, passing to the nocturnal heavens, he became the constellation of the Great Bear. Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). The significance of this combined name: quetzal (a beautiful feathered bird) and coatl (a serpent) revealed divinity. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Ometeotl appeared in a dream. The Quetzalcoatl of that myth is a god. Quetzalcoatl then swept the earth with a violent tornado that destroyed all of the inhabitants except for a few who were changed into monkeys. Then, when Tezcatlipoca placed Tlaloc, the rain god, as the sun in the heavens, Quetzalcoatl poured a flood of fire upon the earth, drove Tlaloc from the sky, and placed in his stead, as sun, the goddess Chalchiutlicue, the Emerald Skirted, wife of Tlaloc. When she ruled as sun, the earth was flooded, and all humans were drowned again except for those who were changed into fishes. As humans, Tezcatlipocas trickery thwarted the priest Quetzalcoatl (myth of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl). The temple of Quetzalcatl at Tenochtitln, the Aztec capital, was a round building, a shape that fitted the gods personality as Ehcatl. Quetzalcoatl ground up those bones like corn, mixing the flour-like powder with his own blood to harvest a new crop of people. Quetzalcatls calendar name was Ce Acatl (One Reed). No credit card needed. Quetzalcatl, Mayan name Kukulcn, (from Nahuatl quetzalli, tail feather of the quetzal bird [Pharomachrus mocinno], and coatl, snake), the Feathered Serpent, one of the major deities of the ancient Mexican pantheon. Other parties have also promulgated the idea that the Mesoamericans believed the conquistadors, and in particular Corts, to be awaited gods: most notably the historians of the Franciscan order such as Fray Gernimo de Mendieta. Among the Aztecs, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of the planet Venus, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. "[17], Quetzalcoatl also became linked with rulership and priestly office; additionally, among the Toltec, the name was used as a military title and its representation as an emblem. At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. One sip led to another; Tezcatlipoca got Quetzalcoatl very drunk. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: kid birthday party venues louisville, ky Post comments: weezer pink triangle problematic weezer pink triangle problematic Like the other three (Tezcatlipoca, Camaxtle and Huitzilopochtli) he was a tutelary god, responsible for more dramatic acts of creation than most of the characters in the Aztec pantheon! There is no question that the legend of Quetzalcoatl played a significant role in the colonial period. cohousing sonoma county . Since 1200 CE in Central Mexico, he was considered the god of learning, agriculture, science, and arts. Although he was generally listed as one of the first-rank deities, no ceremonial month was dedicated to his cult. He lived a life of fasting and prayer. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. In the Codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Corts, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which, as described in the codex written by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagn and his Tlatelolcan informants, included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as: You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you. Outside of Tenochtitln, the main centre of Quetzalcatls cult was Cholula, on the plateau region called Mesa Central. He was regarded as a creator god and a god of wind by such civilizations as the Maya and Aztecs. From the smoking remains rose the morning star, Venus, who is represented by Quetzalcoatl in his guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. Another Quetzalcoatl was a culture hero. wildwoods grill food truck menu Tezcatlipoca, force of chaos, arrived to shake things up. by Marcelosan. Whether the historical figure of Ce Acatl Topiltzin did this, or whether it was the deity Feathered Serpent, we know that Quetzalcoatl was worshipped throughout Mesoamerica up until the conquest in 1521, and that the Aztecs appeared to combine Quetzalcoatl the priest with the deity.Find out how Tezcatlipoca got the better of Topiltzin by following the link below. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). Your email address will not be published. [15] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernn Corts or Thomas the Apostleidentifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl.[16]. After the Fourth Age was destroyed by floods, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca helped Cihuacoatl create a brand-new Earth. [citation needed] Additionally, at least one major cache of offerings includes knives and idols adorned with the symbols of more than one god, some of which were adorned with wind jewels. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered-serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Maya Vision Serpent shown below. Contains spam, fake content or potential malware, Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend, Third Edition, Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. Thus, the fifth sun is called Nahui Ollin, Four Movement, Naollin, the synthesis of the four elements through dynamic . Entwined in the annals of history, both god and historical figure became one. Ruler of the. Quetzalcoatl is not a religious symbol in the Latter-day Saint faith, and is not taught as such, nor is it in their doctrine that Quetzalcoatl is Jesus. There is another, better-known account in the Annals of Cuauhtitlan. Tonalamatl), and displayed the portents of the 260 day lunar calendar known as the Tonalpoualli (Counting of the Days). means of adding another half to the sun. [38] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[39] and some of them believed that Corts' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. The forehead he colored yellow, and, taking the feathers of the quetzal bird, he made a beard. In another act as creator, Quetzalcoatl threw his semen at a rock and from it grew a bat that approached the fertility goddess Xochiquetzal (Quetzal Flower), biting her between the legs. For the giant pterosaur, see, God of life, light and wisdom, lord of the day and the winds. She instantly obeyed and, drinking some of the pulque, also became drunk. phasmophobia alternative ports setting; fbi files miami shootout The hero (not the god) Quetzalcoatl either came as a stranger to the Aztecs from an unknown land or was born in Tula, where he reigned as priest-king. He was also the ninth of the 13 gods of the daytime hours. Its possible that both names refer to the same spirit.) Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? Represented as the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl was also seen as manifest in the wind, one of the most powerful forces of nature; a text in the Nahuatl language captures this relationship: Quetzalcoatl; yn ehecatl ynteiacancauh yntlachpancauh in tlaloque, yn aoaque, yn qujqujiauhti. Sign up free 0:00 0:00 Blending a wide range styles from NY hip-hop, UK bass and Turkish psychedelic, to Nigerian afrobeat and Amazonian funk, Esperanto Slang demonstrates that Captain Planet's trademark sound has matured into a truly unique form of electronic music, connecting scenes and languages worldwide through his unique sonic thesaurus.Reviews for This Release:\"Poquito Mas\" is a Universal Dance Anthem\" - Thump (Vice)\"Captain Planet calls upon his geographically diverse sonic aesthetic to create a lilting, reggae-infused summertime anthem. The other brothers then filled the world with giants, who tore up the trees with their hands. Because of this, he was closely associated with Tlaloc, the god of the rain. He is chopping a tree on the upper left hand side, and on a decorated platform on the lower left hand side. ELEMENT Water Bird: Quetzal (Pharomachus mocinno) Creatures: Snakes, especially rattlesnakes; also now Quetzalcoatlus, the pterosaur named in his honor PLANET: Venus, the Morning Star SACRED SITES: His temple at Teotihuacn dates to the third century CE. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. The worship of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl can be dated back to as early as 3rd Century C.E. At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. The next morning, Quetzalcoatl, feeling shame and regret, had his servants build him a stone chest, adorn him in turquoise, and then, laying in the chest, set himself on fire. Codex Maglabechiano, fol. Welcome, youth. Physical offerings include copal incense, feathers, Mexican chocolate, and shells. He left with all of the inhabitants of Tula. in the Teotihuacan civilization, but . The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. He suffered a crisis of faith and felt he must leave. Codex Borgia, fol.19(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 10: Aztec stone sculpture of Xolotl, National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City (Wikipedia)(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 11: Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (upper-right). July 4, 2022 quetzalcoatl offeringsbritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington When Spanish conquistador Hernn Corts arrived in the 16th century, the Aztecs believed that their hero had returned to them as he had promised, a belief that helped seal their doom. means of adding another half to the sun. Quetzalcoatl ( Ketsarukoatoru), often referred to as Lucoa ( Rukoa), is a supporting character of Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon and a main protagonist of Kobayashi-san-chi no Maid Dragon: Lucoa wa Boku no xx Desu. Look now at your flesh; know yourself; see
Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent, precious serpent, precious twin) In Toltec mythology, wind god. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatls brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. When the right moment came, Tezcatlipoca appeared in his tiger form and gave Quetzalcoatl such a blow with his paw that it hurled him from the skies. (Image credit: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia (INAH)/Sergio Gmez . They decided to make a sun, one that would eat the hearts and drink the blood of victims, and there must be wars upon the earth, that these victims could be obtained for the sacrifice. Quetzalcoatl then built a great fire and took his son, born of his own flesh without any mother, and cast him into the flames, whence he rose into the sky as the sun which lights the world. Tlaloc then threw his son into the flames, creating the moon. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. Round monuments occur particularly often in Huastec territory. The trecena was marked by the Aztec nobility who made offerings in Calmecacs, learning institutions for noble children. Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises? Some followers of the Latter Day Saints movement believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically Jesus Christ, but believe his name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. His ashes rose into the sky and then his heart followed, becoming the morning star (see Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). The painting may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. What does he call my own flesh? [need quotation to verify] Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehcaczcatl around the neck. The Quetzalcoatl of that myth is a god. Please note: He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. Quetzalcoatl said that the heavens and the stars had already warned him that after four years he must leave, and he would therefore obey. They predated the Aztecs and perhaps even battled with them towards the end of Tulas cultural and economic dominance in Mesoamerica. Quetzalcoatl taught people science, architecture, and art and established government and spiritual rituals. Well might they flee from me. But what were his monster-killing, sky-lifting and star-forming capacities in the face of his sneaky brother Tezcatlipoca? This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[8] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. He said: We will give him a drink to dull his reason, and we will show him his own face in a mirror, and surely he will be lost. Then Tezcatlipoca brewed an intoxicating drink, the pulque, and taking a mirror he wrapped it in a rabbit skin and went to Quetzalcoatls house. On the basis of the iconography of the feathered-serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichn Itz, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered-serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the urban center - a god of culture and civilization. There his attendants built a funeral pyre, and he threw himself into the flames. Top-ranking priests from Tenochtitlan were awarded the name of Quetzalcoatl, and Aztec leaders, upon coming into power, were obliged to first worship at the temple at Cholula (Florescano 2001, p.237). [9] Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes (coatl meaning "serpent" in Nahuatl), crows, and macaws. quetzalcoatl offerings. Quetzalcoatls significance and place in the Aztec pantheon is now unclear. Foil 251v of the Libro de los Ritos of D. Dur?n. [30], He is also attributed with having brought the cacao plant from a sacred mountain to the Toltec people, teaching the women how to make traditional drinking chocolate.[31]. Yet another version says rival priests raped Quetzalpetlatl but blamed Quetzalcoatl. Mexico's flagship airline Aeromxico has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a special Quetzalcoatl livery. Later, Xavier and the Aztecs summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open. Tezcatlicopa transformed himself into a tiger and emerged from the waves, attacking and devouring the giants; then, passing to the nocturnal heavens, he became the constellation of the Great Bear. Xochiquetzal is the inventor of artistic crafts. Of the four, one was called the black and one the red Tezcatlipoca, and the fourth was Huitzilopochtli. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. 89r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 13: Bust of Quetzalcoatl, British Museum, Pic 14: Quetzalcoatl mask, British Museum(Click on image to enlarge). They separated land and sky and repopulated Earth by stealing human bones from Mictlan, Realm of Death. Then Tezcatlipoca took the strong pulque he had brewed and gave some to Quetzalcoatl, who became drunk. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Tezcatlipoca produced what he called medicinethe elixir of life, an alchemical longevity, vitality potion. The conflict between the two cultures is told in W. H. Prescotts The History of the Conquest of Mexico and in the novels The Fair God by Lew Wallace and Captain from Castile by Samuel Shellabarger, which was made into a film. Several bouquets of offering flowers have been discovered 59 feet below temple of the god Quetzalcatl - a pyramid that still stands in the Mexican ruined city of Teotihuacan 'In total there are. Quetzalcoatl also shared a special bond with medical practitioners (pic 4), who would invoke the memory of this god when setting broken bones. However sixteenth-century Franciscan missionaries were very taken with him. Then Tezcatlipoca took the strong pulque he had brewed and gave some to Quetzalcoatl, who became drunk. Some scholarship maintains the view that the Aztec Empire's fall may be attributed in part to the belief in Corts as the returning Quetzalcoatl, notably in works by David Carrasco (1982), H. B. Nicholson (2001 (1957)) and John Pohl (2016). [citation needed], In the Codex Chimalpopoca, it is said Quetzalcoatl was coerced by Tezcatlipoca into becoming drunk on pulque, cavorting with his older sister, Quetzalpetlatl, a celibate priestess, and neglecting their religious duties. In 1980, the mintage for the piece is listed as 266,899,999. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalctzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". The legend of the victory of Tezcatlipoca over the Feathered Serpent probably reflects historical fact. He became a tool for evangelists who identified his second-coming from the east with the arrival of the conquistadors. What does he call my own flesh? 07v(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Quetzalcoatl (left) and Tezcatlipoca in one of a two-page binding together of the lunar and solar calendars. Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent, precious serpent, precious twin) In Toltec mythology, wind god. Quetzalcoatl and Kukulcan are generally considered two names for one deity. It is not clear whether Quetzalcoatl slept with his sister in the myth, but the next morning he said, I have sinned, the stain on my name can never be erased. In the iconography of the classic period, Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake often appears as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the underworld. He knew all thoughts and could see into the future. In their mythology, the world was periodically destroyed and rebuilt by the gods. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. According to Toltec myth, Quetzalcoatl with his brother Tezcatlipocahis sometime partner, rival, and alter egocreated this world. album: esperanto slang [album] track: 11 of 12 title: quetzalcoatl offering artist: captain planet label: bastard jazz recordings cat#: bjlp06 formats: digital digital release: 6th october 2014. In the Maya area he was approximately equivalent to Kukulkan and Gukumatz, names that also roughly translate as "feathered serpent" in different Mayan languages. yourself as you are seen by others. And with that he handed him the mirror. Quetzalcoatl was shocked at his appearance: truly he did not look well. With the immigration of Nahua-speaking tribes from the north, Quetzalcatls cult underwent drastic changes. Often our current time was considered the fifth sun,[29] the previous four having been destroyed by flood, fire and the like. Quetzalcoatl said that the heavens and the stars had already warned him that after four years he must leave, and he would therefore obey. [24], According to another version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl is one of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, the four Tezcatlipocas, each of whom presided over one of the four cardinal directions. [45][46] The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! As the sun, Quetzalcoatl made the earth flourish, but Tezcatlipoca was merely biding his time. Really it was just alcohol, something which the ascetic, celibate Quetzalcoatl had never tasted. Regardless, Quetzalcoatl was ashamed and devastated. Cholula remained the most important center of worship of Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered-serpent deity, in the post-classic period. Welcome, youth. According to sixteenth century friar Bernadino de Sahagn and his native informants, he also presided over 1 Reed. Codex Borbonicus fol. -To Ehcatl-Quetzalcoatl, you may offer your breath and a melody, remember that as being the life giver he carries your breath and anything that may come forth from your lungs and heart. ( Public Domain ) Lakes of mercury, jewel-eyed figures, solid-jade masks, and necklaces beaded with human teeth. [13] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BC 600 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology; veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic period (600900AD). It is also suggested that he was a son of Xochiquetzal and Mixcoatl. Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally Tlaloc (the god of rain), and Quetzalcoatl's twin and psychopomp, Xolotl, the dog-headed soul-guide for the dead. He vowed to return someday. Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. [14] In the Postclassic period (9001519AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya, images of the deity began acquiring human features, such as the beard (see the Borgia codex illustration above) that he was sometimes depicted with. [10] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. putin long table generals; common desk headquarters; best sweet vermouth lcbo; bank owned properties in new orleans; pablo acosta villarreal santa elena, chihuahua; uncle ray murphy cause of death; mike williams deepwater horizon net worth; ian alexander jr autopsy report; jack elam margaret jennison; satyavathi akkineni . As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. In the post-classic Nahua civilization of central Mexico (Aztec), the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous. Your email address will not be published. For many years he ruled the city and at last began to build a very great temple. Quetzalcoatl gave her some of the medicine. Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli was considered patron of this calendar (Ylotl Gonzlez-Torres,1991). The forehead he colored yellow, and, taking the feathers of the quetzal bird, he made a beard. The 1981 has a listed mintage of 30,500,000, and the 1982 with a mintage of 20,000,000. Another Quetzalcoatl is a culture hero, a high priest of the city of Tula. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichn Itz. Quetzalcoatl is portrayed as a snake covered with quetzal plumes. Latter-day Saint author Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. The cosmic battle between the two brothers has been interpreted as a dualistic opposition between creative and destructive forces (Taube, 1993, p82). The legend of Quetzalcoatl is spoofed in the Adult Swim CGI series Xavier: Renegade Angel. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichn Itz. Aspects of his myth were perceived as Christ-like. Since the sixteenth century, it has been widely held that the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II initially believed the landing of Hernn Corts in 1519 to be Quetzalcoatl's return. Most Mesoamerican beliefs included cycles of suns. Amongst the later Toltec and Aztec cultures, however, he had to up his game to the level of priest and creator god sounds like hard work!Lets have a look at how Quetzalcoatl was represented during the Toltec and Aztec periods Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the PriestThe Toltecs lived in the City of Tula (near Mexico City) in the early Postclassic period (900-1200AD). 78r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcatl-Ehcatl. His people lived well. quetzalcoatl offerings. His calendrical name was 9 Wind.Parents: The dual creator Ometeotl (Two Lord), also known as Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl (Two Lord and Two Lady)Siblings: Tezcatlipoca and Camaxtle. As soon as Quetzalcoatl saw his face in the mirror, he said: How is it possible my subjects can look on me without affright? Quetzalcoatl would permit no human offerings in his name. [19] The most important center was Cholula, where the world's largest pyramid was dedicated to Quetzalcoatl-worship. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent". No accounts written by the Aztecs agree with Corts and his men, and Professor Felipe Fernndez-Armesto tells us why (follow the link below), This article was uploaded to the Mexicolore website on Aug 31st 2013, (Written/compiled by Julia Flood/Mexicolore). Quetzalcoatl invented the calendar, metal-working, and agriculture. On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered-serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbolic meaning of the feathered-serpent deity in Mesoamerican cultures. I shall be seen no more: I shall no longer frighten my people. But Tezcatlipoca said he could conceal the defects on Quetzalcoatls face. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. Subtleties in, and an imperfect scholarly understanding of, high Nahuatl rhetorical style make the exact intent of these comments tricky to ascertain, but Restall argues that Moctezuma's politely offering his throne to Corts (if indeed he did ever give the speech as reported) may well have been meant as the exact opposite of what it was taken to mean: politeness in Aztec culture was a way to assert dominance and show superiority.
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