A sheathed roof deck provides ample support for the metal roofing and is an additional barrier to insects and weather. An increase of 50% (Pg = 90, Pf = 67.5, Vult = 122.5) would be $2765. How many spacers do I need bottom bracket? Repeat this process, expanding the wall/floor outwards using the spacers at the edges of each tile to keep a consistent distance between tiles. Once youve selected your design, you can build upon the look with a center beam that runs the length of your room. These will stop the entry of rain, wind, and pests. Having a rigid holder does the trick. Fluffing this up and filling out this empty space with fabric will add a great texture. Become a member and get instant access to thousands of videos, how-tos, tool reviews, and design features. I am just expressing my opinion that this building kit and materials were not up to any standard that I would consider acceptable. It got me to thinking about building my own home on a pole barn design! You are currently viewing details related to Spacing, Restraint and Bracing Products. You have to use short pieces when using a crane for large trusses. With this design change, roof trusses could be placed 12 feet apart, making it possible for roofs to support the loads to which they would be subjected. In truss configurations, the webs carry minimal loads for both compression and tension and are loaded to only 75% of their capacity on the interior double trusses. Additional factors include slope, eave and rake overhangs, roof tie-downs, rafter support bracing, collar ties, ridge connection, roof openings, ventilation, and roof finish. A truss layout tends to resemble a jigsaw puzzle that's all the same color and shapes, and can be hard to decipher. These were supplied in the kit from PARR lumber. When estimating for how many spacer clips needed for larger areas Using: (1) leveling clip and (1) tile spacer per side. Global Truss 10mm Male to Male Coupler Spacer . Founded by J.A.Hansen, Hansen Pole Buildings, LLC, was formed as a limited liability corporation in 2002, as an internet-based business providing custom designed, high quality pole building kits at affordable prices. One of my fellow board members from the Midwest wanted to take a peek at how pole barns were constructed in the West, so I invited him out for a tour. 0000041200 00000 n Your email address will not be published. Typically I would have put double trusses every 14 to divide the 42 evenly and aligned the trusses with the sidewall columns. He is passionately interested in home improvement, renovation and woodworking. ADD INSULATION. For a gable roof multiply the number of rafters by 2 for the two sides or slopes of the roof. Set the baffles and a loaded staple gun inside the attic opening and boost yourself into the attic. endstream endobj 200 0 obj <>/Metadata 39 0 R/PageLabels 36 0 R/Pages 38 0 R/StructTreeRoot 41 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 201 0 obj >/PageWidthList<0 603.0>>>>>>/Resources<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 603.0 783.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 202 0 obj <> endobj 203 0 obj <> endobj 204 0 obj <> endobj 205 0 obj <> endobj 206 0 obj <> endobj 207 0 obj <> endobj 208 0 obj <> endobj 209 0 obj <>stream 2023 Barron Designs. The Truss Spacer is a tool to hold a truss in place temporarily. Use 31-16 for standard 16 o.c. A coastal-themed home, for example, could benefit from the addition of a natural-colored truss and beam. Not all rooms are completely square and even then, not all walls are always equidistant at any two points (these can differ between mm to inches in some cases) - if the discrepancy could be considered an issue, it may be better to use larger spacing to attempt to minimise its impact on the overall job. Truss Calculator Use this simple top cord truss calculator to estimate your rake (rafter) length for your next project's roof sheathing requirements. In the 90s I put up a Momb building purchased when they were located in Oregon and it was very easy construction and built very strong. Porcelain, granite and marble tiles are generally installed with a 3mm spacer. The general rule is to use tile spacers of 2 - 3mm for a ceramic wall tile installation and tile spacers of 5mm for a ceramic floor tile installation, but there are numerous factors that can influence the size of the tile spacers you use. What I want to know is, what is the most cost effective footprint and post spacing to use for this building? We just layout long pieces of 1x3 the same as the marks on top of the plate. You describe that I am adversarial? In this case, the order for the building was approved by you on February 9, 2017, plans were sent to you for review and accepted six days later. Eugene has been a DIY enthusiast for most of his life and loves being creative while inspiring creativity in others. Accuracy is improved, spacing errors are minimized and it is easy to use. The TS eliminates the need to mark layouts on bearing plates, improves installation speed and helps eliminate spacing errors. Thanks for sharing. 0000002705 00000 n It was a long run of maybe 150' on a commercial building, so there were a lot of trusses. The last we heard from you was in March 2018 and this was the response, from me: We do absolutely listen to every clients concerns and take them to heart. It's like laying out your stud spaces by stepping off from each preceding mark instead of stretching out a tape. This was never an issue until a limited few clients would unband their units of lumber, scatter pieces all around their jobsite, leaving them to bask in the sun and/or be rained and snowed on for months and then wonder why they could not have them replaced . This guru will grant you the answer to one pole barn question! 12 square tiles = 2 clips per sq. How far apart do you space trusses? Roof Truss Prices You'll spend anywhere from $1.50 to $4.50 per square foot of . Either of these would, of course, be depending upon the status of your building in the production processes. The TSX24 Multi-Unit Truss Spacer gives framers fast and accurate spacing for trusses, rafters or floor joists. Get complete site access to expert advice, how-to videos, Code Check, and more, plus the print magazine. Lots of considerations first (and most important) chances are very good your roof system is not designed to support the weight of drywall. For looks, wiring could be installed in conduit to give more of the upscale industrial look. One less rafter every 8 on a large build does add up to savings, especially when running wires, driving nails, or insulating for less thermal transmission. Loads may not be increased for duration of load. 0000047443 00000 n You have to consider live, dead, wind, and snow loads, select the correct species, grade, and dimension of lumber for the rafter span, and decide if there will be a ceiling or loft supported by the rafters. 4. They are inanimate! How to Install Composite Decking Step 1: Plan and design Step 2: Measure and Pour Step 3: Frame Step 4: Secure Step 5: Lay Does Trex Decking Need to be Spaced? Place metal, plastic, foam, or cardboard attic baffles between rafters. Solving for x, you get x = (40) ( 1.06) = 42.4 feet. 2. You can set up the following equivalence: base of triangle/base of actual roof = hypotenuse of triangle/hypotenuse of roof. Modern truss design is highly computerized. Expect your quote completed within 48 hrs or call for expedited service. Our goal is to provide a complete guide for sizing and spacing rafters for your projects. 0000035763 00000 n For example, if your roof is 40-feet long, it will need a total of 20 trusses. Code requirements vary based on different climate conditions in different geographic regions. 0000075678 00000 n For a 30-foot long roof, a total of 15 trusses are needed. The truss maker is telling me that you cant go 8 or 10ft. A building can be a tough decision. Also Know,how much does a 24 foot roof truss cost? The width of the panel or sheet is commonly set by the manufacturer and the length by the ridge to eave measurement. construction and side posts 3.5 x 5.5, I am very concerned that this is a Measure your roof to determine how big a truss you need. By staying within this range, youll create the look of a home that was built with traditional trusses. I was actually going to sell the kit at a great loss and start over with a different design due to anger about the design. Her response was, Well, I wasnt wearing my glasses that day. Perhaps she should have read the instructions on the proof before signing her approval. However, you can still request a quote! very weak design. I am building a pole barn with 40 ft truss spaced 15 of is it possible or is the distance to far between truss snow load and wind are very minimal do I need to build them out of 26. Nonetheless, you have thousands of very happy, satisfied customers who have purchased your buildings. Also, make sure to use wet set column brackets. hb``g`de`c`cd@ AVv6 0 0 Fit together pieces in the desired shape. If the insulation has been neatly installed, Id consider spraying the paper facing and all of the trusses and truss bracing black. 0000124368 00000 n What dimensions (width, length and height) work best with your available space, loading equipment and volume of hay to be stored? There is absolutely no comparison to my previous built building that was so over built that I am sure it will out last me, but this new building doesnt even come close to the quality of the old building. What is chainline on a bike? Not true, I have never complained about a product , vehicle or any other item I purchased. 0000014313 00000 n Key. The 1650 msr being used for your truss top and bottom chords is at least 41% greater in bending strength. Typically, though, the closer the rafters are together, the more support provided to the sheathing and roofing finish, the further the rafters can span, and the stronger and stiffer the roof. Remove all . How to Calculate Roof Rafters: How Many Rafters Do I Need. trusses and beams that are made from light-weight, realistic-looking faux wood. Products shown as available are normally stocked but inventory levels cannot be guaranteed, For screen reader problems with this website, please call 1-800-430-3376 or text 38698 (standard carrier rates apply to texts), Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Industry leader in structural hardware engineering since 1956, Products designed and tested for strength and easy installation, Diverse product line for DIY and residential. hbbRb`b``3 0 0. Purlins support the loads from the roof deck or sheathing and are supported by the principal rafters and/or the building walls, steel beams etc. In doing so, this again checks every member to insure you have no weak links. Materials: See chart Finish: G90 galvanizing Even at this load, 46 columns still work! Planning is important - don't just go for the first option, sample a few different placements and see which works best for the room. It could be a lean-to style, flat pergola style, gabled, or some other style or a mixture of styles. We can only improve upon things with constructive feedback. A lean-to rafter can also be used to make a shed-style roof on a variety of buildings too, providing a single roofline with a high wall and a lower wall supporting the rafters. A catalog for Connectors for Cold-Formed Steel Construction products and solutions. When nailing blocking in a straight line, you'll be able to face nail one end of the blocking through the joist. It is difficult to go against what the professional truss makers are telling us however there is definitely some discontinuity. The 26 roof purlins, may be able to support the weight from a structural aspect, however they will overly deflect and would likely cause cracks to form at the joints in the drywall. 2000-2022 Home Depot. When you go to your local lumberyard to purchase a 26 graded as #2 (the standard for framing throughout the industry). For example, if your roof is 40-feet long, it will need a total of 20 trusses. We again appreciate your concern about what you feel is a structural under design, despite the building being designed by a Registered Professional Engineer and the load carrying capacity of the columns you are so concerned about being many times what you ordered. 0000174646 00000 n Ive had roof truss manufacturers try to convince me it is impossible to place wood trusses at spacings of over every 4 feet. At 16 centers, there are three support members every four feet versus two when spaced at 24 centers. This provides additional accuracy along the length of the tile. Thanks for sharing. Darker, richer wood would be at home in an industrial or modern design. Span: Up to 14 meters. 0000036774 00000 n I would venture a guess your Building Department has approved the plans as meeting the structural requirements. Pressing the Escape (ESC) button will close the modal and bring you back to where you were on the page. Whether you need roof trusses or floor trusses, we're prepared to start your journey. spacing and 31-24 for standard 24 o.c. 0000013861 00000 n Was: $44.95 Now: $22.00. Please feel free to contact a Hansen Buildings designer toll free at (866)200-9657, who can offer you further specific assistance with a practical and affordable design solution. The common thickness of the H-clip sheet metal is between 18 and 20 gauge (0.052 inch [1.31 mm] and 0.040 inch [1.01 mm]). 0000149465 00000 n 0000007189 00000 n For additional information, see. I am planning to build a pole barn for hay storage and would like to know your recommendation for truss design, spacing,size material for perlins, post etc. I want spray foam insulation then will come back with sheet metal for my ceiling. Truss spacer and support, method of use and structures made therewith US6385859B1 (en) 1999-02 . SALE. Even better, faux wood is weather-and pest-resistant, and doesnt require the same maintenance as real wood. Place the next tile against the spacers of your first tile. So, always check the prescriptive code tables, or with a Structural Engineer before building. So, to answer the question "How many trusses do I need?", it uses the following equations: Rounded up to the closest whole number (for example if the result is 14.5, you need to get 15 trusses). Typically, you will need to install your bolts alternating high and low 2" from the top and bottom of the ledger board. Sorry, JavaScript must be enabled.Change your browser options, then try again. (For example, for a room that is 24 feet long, you would need three trusses: one installed at 6 feet, one at 12 feet and one at 18 feet.) F14 Square Truss Straight Segments Corner Junctions F23 Triangular Truss Straight Segments Cross & T-Junctions F24 Square Truss . The designer and builder of the 2018 Fine Homebuilding House detail why they chose mineral-wool batts and high-density boards for all of their insulation needs. They also create height by drawing the eye upward toward the rooms highest point. Its hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you are talking about! The Stabilizer Truss Brace and Spacer provides temporary construction bracing in the roof and ceiling planes, as well as permanent lateral bracing for webs as specified by your truss engineering. Use all specified fasteners; see General Notes. Sincerely. 0000086212 00000 n Mark the area where you want the structure. Traditional king or queen post trusses with purlins notched into the trusses supporting much smaller rafters on the purlins and all nailed to ridge boards have been around for over 300 years and are still going strong. Really unsatisfied customer. 0000019898 00000 n internal headset. 40 ft span Those of us reading these comments can tell that you care about your product and about your customers. Nothing was found at this location. The International Residential Building Code (IRC), which is the basis of most building codes in North America, identifies the standard spacing between rafters as 12, 16, 19.2, and 24 on center. Divide the length of the roof by two to determine how many trusses are needed. We use them all the time. If you are dead set on 24 for purlins over the top of the trusses, then your truss spacing will be dictated by how far the purlins will span given applied snow loads. The reality is, thereisno magic number. With spacers, you have to make sure they go in straight and fit tightly. <<1B920117B58A5A448053F33DA9C632D7>]/Prev 362729/XRefStm 2350>> I wish I had your passion for writing! What would you recommend for someone like me? Given all of the above, what are your choices? ft. 16 square tiles = 1.13 clips per sq. The rafter spacing will be set by the steel panel manufacturer to provide a structurally sound roof. The wood species, grade, load factors, deflection, and span affect the gap between rafters and rafter dimensions. You were provided an opportunity to have the columns switched to larger dimension (albeit not as strong) and failed to respond to take advantage of the offer. Material 24 gauge Finish Galvanized Installation TSF truss spacers do not provide bracing of any kind and are not structural members. 0000023049 00000 n The king post truss, which has a vertical middle pillar in the center of a triangular design, is the most popular option, and gives a stately and classic feel to any room. ft. Rafter spacing depends on a variety of variables and engineering calculations for structural integrity. Any feedback or tips? On to the column sizes. The greater the space between rafters, the shorter the distance they can span. Ensure they are not touching the ceiling, as this is where the air will flow. 5,277 views Aug 10, 2017 The TrussSpacer provides a fast and accurate method for the spacing and temporary bracing of roof trusses during installation. Your website is very useful. To help guide you in the design of your new pole building. %PDF-1.4 % 0000159914 00000 n Obviously, make sure to avoid water and gas lines and electrical wires when installing the blocking. The faux wood is a fraction of the weight of the real thing, so youll be able to install trusses and beams without special skills, tools or equipment. The user can enter the on-center figure for the spacing of the truss, but the system has put 24" as the default. The gap between members can be different provided it meets code requirements. ill8s6L"P@ 1444 That is news to me! 279 0 obj <>stream I would recommend you call 1(866)200-9657 and speak with one of our Building Designers. I showed her the proof that was signed by her it showed the mistake, yet she had approved it! As you know very tough to build anything in California with their strict environmental laws. The use of purlins, as opposed to closely spaced . 0000040816 00000 n If you would kindly take just a few moments to read about it here: http://www.hansenpolebuildings.com/2014/08/lumber-bending/. When we have not had feedback and interaction from a client for over six months, the login is automatically closed. I Longer joists will require tighter . Calculating the number of rafters needed for a project can be done with some rafter calculators, but it isnt impossible to do with paper and pencil or a standard calculator. If youre hoping to replicate the look in your own home, this post will help get you started. Staple the attic ventilation baffles into place. The 2 x 6 rafters are spaced 24 on center the length of the barn. In areas with mild climates, patio roofs are generally designed for loads of 30 psf (pounds per square foot). Easier to install than wood bracing, the TSBR firmly grips the trusses, capturing on-center spacing and keeping them vertical and plumb after placement, resulting in a better truss installation. You have gone above and beyond to help this gentleman. Typically, The Stabilizer is installed at 6 8 centers along the roof plane and 10 15 along the ceiling plane. 0000006828 00000 n If you decide to call us, please let us know about this error described above. I actually delayed my project by a year because of my lack of satisfaction with the size of the posts that were in the kit I purchased. You proposed 30 x 36 footprint will be very efficient. No one at your company appears to give a darn!. Write it off and dont lose any more sleep over it. 0000172594 00000 n Roofs sheathed in planks or strapped for metal or other roofing finishes commonly are set at 24 centers, and the planks or strapping span the gap between the rafters and provide additional stiffness and support. This means that the spacing with the last truss may be less than the onCenter value, because engineering allows for trusses to be closer together without weakening the roof. 0000176698 00000 n Calculating the amount of strapping you need is simple. If you desired to increase both by 25% (Ground snow load to 75, roof snow load to 56.25 and Vult to 112 mph) you would be looking at an up charge of $1580 and would receive new sealed plans and truss drawings to confirm these loads. It is recommended that you lay this trial run in the centre of the room and then visualise the complete design from different points in the room. . Thank you for the article, I knew I wasnt crazy.. As a DIYer I am still unsure on spacing. I spent my first fifteen years in the business using all sorts of different methods and after I discovered how easy it was to handle the studs up in the air while setting and their many uses, I've never tried another method, nor would I want to. Rafter spacing is based on the width of the metal roofing panels. For complex roof designs, check with a Structural Engineer. Contractors trying to hold a truss steady are put in a potentially dangerous position. :thinking: I think another D44 with a more cleverly designed truss/ gusset solution should be good for 18 years more. 4295 Charter Street, Los Angeles, CA 90058. If you would prefer to work with real wood, Barron Designs can help with that too. On March 2, 3, 22 and 23 as well as April 4 of 2017 you received an email from Justine who is your Project Coordinator. spacing. Call (866) 200-9657 for a free consultation now! The timber framing process is beautiful but new to many owners, architects and builders. On March 7 our Technical support Department received this email from you: When I originally talked with Mike I wanted a heavy duty building, It seems 0000041548 00000 n For example, if you are using 4"x4" tiles and a 1/8" grout line, you would need one spacer for every 8" of tile. 0000004290 00000 n Rafter spacing for a porch roof depends on the distance the board must span, the loads it must carry, and the deflection factors, as well as wood species and grade. Spacing your tiles an extra mm apart can often save the majority of small cuts (across the total length of a wall/floor this can make a big difference!). This is what more and more of the commercial applications are doing. 0000002350 00000 n If unsure which spacing to use, discuss the design with your local building department or a Structural Engineer. The position of the webbing allows for some storage space and can accommodate things like water tanks if need be. Easier to install than wood bracing, the TSBR firmly grips the trusses, capturing on-center spacing and keeping them vertical and plumb after placement . Trusses for common structures like houses, carports, and gazebos are most often constructed using 2 in (5.1 cm) x 4 in (10 cm) wooden boards. PREREQUISITES: Secured framing, properly attached to the house, and a confirmed deck design OVERVIEW Step 1: Check That Your Deck Frame Is Structurally Sound Step 2: Run String Lines to Ensure All Joists Are Level & In Plane Step 3: Make Sure All Joists Are Consistent in Size Step 4: Make Sure Your Joists Are Spaced Correctly A jigsaw will allow you to make short crosscuts through thick pieces of wood with maximum efficiency. Rafters that are strapped are either at 16 or 24 centers with strapping placed every 8 to 12 on-center to provide support. Depending on the design and type of material used, they can introduce a truly impressive element to your homes design. Scott, and his small team of friendly customer service advisors work extremely hard to ensure that your order is delivered when you expect it. MiTek provides a toolbox full of unique resources delivered straight to your inbox. Sunrise Tools; Unit 37; Romsey Industrial Estate; Romsey; SO51 0HR; United Kingdom; 01794 830 841; I do not have a choice at this point and will complete this storage building with additional cost to purchase actual usable lumber. How many tile leveling clips do I need? The modal window is a 'site map' of the most critical areas of the site. The Stabilizer must be supplemented with diagonal bracing in the roof and ceiling planes and cross bracing in the web plane at required intervals. Photo courtesy of Doug Anderson. Thanks. 0000004753 00000 n @Z``0@ [J Some size rooms may look better with wider spacing where as others may suit narrow spacing (there really is no right or wrong answer and as always discuss this with your customer beforehand). All damage/unusable reports must include digital photos.. The ONLY method of reporting is through Sellers online account page, as Emailed or telephone reports cannot be accepted. trailer Have you ever stepped into someones home, and had your eyes immediately drawn to the impressive ceiling beams in their dining room or living space? Use spacers to do a trial run for your design (this will help finalise your design and ensure that you have a clearer picture of what the outcome will look like). In regions that experience heavy snow loads, span and spacing may have other restrictions and need to be closer together. Trusses can be used to add elegance to dining rooms, living areas and entryways. Simply add a 22 (or foam spacer) on each side or the truss / rafter & install your material of choice to them. I would not use some of the wood materials provided to build a dog house. 2023 The Taunton Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Podcast 529: Members-only AftershowHow Good is Good Enough? You will find your new building incorporates many features which your previous building did not steel base trim to prevent critters from entering the high ribs of the wall steel panels, trims at top of walls, steel trim to cover all fascias and varges, closed cell foam eave closures for roof steel, vented ridge closures, steel trims for overhead door jambs as opposed to raw wood, weather seals around overhead doors, an insulated commercial steel entry door in steel jambs instead of a trailer house door, Lifetime warranty steel roofing and siding, superior powder coated diaphragm screws, full sized 24 x 36 7 page blueprints specifically for your building rather than a few 11 x 17 sheets, a 500 page Construction Manual instead of no instructions at all, unlimited FREE Technical Support by Email. The building trusses are up and the purlins are set, I still cannot express the level of dissatisfaction I have concerning this building design. 0000039232 00000 n I know I already approved the plans but I will have to Patio Roof Maximum Beam & Rafter Spans. 0000147171 00000 n It will be located in eastern PA upon a wooded, gently-to-moderately sloping lot that is moderately rocky. Metal roof, no decking or snow load. Anyone tried these? The TERMS and CONDITIONS of your purchase (which you approved) include this language: INSPECTION/INVENTORY: Purchaser must inspect and inventory, at Purchasers sole expense, all items delivered (including doors and accompanying hardware, each piece of lumber, siding or roofing, trims, etc., whether arriving individually, in sealed containers or unitized) and report, within 48 hours, any and all hidden damage, missing or damaged goods, claimed nonconformity, defects or differences between the goods and materials described in the Agreement, or an approved Change Order, and as received by Purchaser. 30ft x 12 = 360 (length in inches) 16 on-center = 22.5 rafters -> round up and add 1 = 24 rafters per side, so, multiply by 2 and youll need 48 rafters for the roof. Where will the building be located geographically? Thank you, we look forward in helping you build a quality pole barn. Contact Customer Service or Call 800-328-5934 31-24 Stabilizer Load Table View / Download the above load table as a PDF Many of them support much higher loads than will ever be experienced in the US such as huge stone slate roofs (think sheets of limestone about 1 thick and as wide as 30 and as long as 48 or more!) Youll also need to be sure that your ceiling is able to bear the weight. How long does truss rod adjustment take? 0000041917 00000 n I went out to investigate a job once where all the trusses had fallen over. Traditionally, a truss is a framework of beams that provides support for a roof. Rafters or roof joists, or even studs and floor joists at 19.2 on-center use 5 structural members over 8-feet instead of 6 pieces at 16 centers or 4 at 24 centers. Place them directly onto purlins that are attached to the roof trusses, beginning on the outside edge. TS / TSX Truss Spacers ae Truss Truss spacers give framers fast and accurate spacing for trusses, rafters, or floor joists. Measure the ceiling across parallel to the joists. El catlogo incluye informacin sobre nuevos productos, as como especificaciones e instrucciones de instalacin aplicables para conectores estructurales de madera a madera y de madera a concreto. Your email address will not be published. Your advice to take engineered plans to another engineer for review might sound good, but the reality is you would have paid for something you already paid for and it would not have made a change in the building as designed. To achieve a realistic look, you should use this measurement to determine how many trusses youll need for your space. no one there was listening, I have my plans and the roof trusses show 24 Three on each side. My Barndominium Vaulted Ceiling Drips, Condensation Control, Ventilation or Insulation. Product Details Pre-manufactured stock trusses are constructed with Spruce Pine Fir (SPF) or Southern Yellow Pine (SYP) lumber. An adder of one (1) is added to the truss count if the onCenter spacing does not come out close to even. Screw down the panels. Laughing helps. Roof trusses should be 24" apart, on center. Sometimes things just require a lot of effort, time, or patience. Combine truss components using adhesive and plates.
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